N-D Test Functions Y¶Yao-Liu 4 objective function.
This class defines the Yao-Liu function 4 global optimization problem. This is a multimodal minimization problem defined as follows:

Here,
represents the number of dimensions and
for
.
Two-dimensional YaoLiu04 function
Global optimum:
for
for

Mishra, S. Global Optimization by Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Methods: Evaluation on Some Benchmark Functions. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 2006, 1005
Todo
line 1201. Gavana code and documentation differ. max(abs(x)) != abs(max(x))
Yao-Liu 9 objective function.
This class defines the Yao-Liu function 9 global optimization problem. This is a multimodal minimization problem defined as follows:
![f_{\text{YaoLiu09}}(x) = \sum_{i=1}^n \left [ x_i^2
- 10 \cos(2 \pi x_i ) + 10 \right ]](_images/math/5250ccc4a6ec1550b94868b49bbe3f1183cd2233.png)
Here,
represents the number of dimensions and
for
.
Two-dimensional YaoLiu09 function
Global optimum:
for
for

Gavana, A. Global Optimization Benchmarks and AMPGO
Todo
Yao-Liu Fast Evolutionary programming is the the original ref.